Prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein in eukaryocyte. It mediate many important roles in cell survival, apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of prohibitin in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced apoptosis of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). For this purpose, HPMECs were trasfected with prohibitin and challenged with CSE. Our results showed that CSE exposure inhibited prohibitin expression in a dose-dependent manner in HPMECs. Overexpression of prohibitin could protect cell from CSE-induced injury by inhibiting CSE-induced cell apoptosis, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increase mitochondrial membrane potential, increase the content of mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA), IKKα/β phosphorylation and IκB-α degradation. CSE decreases prohibitin expression in endothelial cells and restoration of prohibitin expression in these cells can protect against the deleterious effects of CSE on mitochondrial and cells. We identified prohibitin is a novel regulator of endothelial cell apoptosis and survival in the context of cigarette smoke exposure.

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