Prototypical pacemaker neurons are immunocompetent cells
By
Alexander Klimovich,
Stefania Giacomello,
Åsa Björklund,
Louis Faure,
Marketa Kaucka,
Christoph Giez,
Andrea P. Murillo-Rincon,
Ann-Sophie Matt,
Gabriele Crupi,
Jaime de Anda,
Gerard C.L. Wong,
Mauro D’Amato,
Igor Adameyko,
Thomas CG Bosch
Posted 30 Aug 2019
bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/750026
Pacemaker neurons exert control over neuronal circuit function by their intrinsic ability to generate rhythmic bursts of action potential. Recent work has identified rhythmic gut contractions in human, mice and hydra to be dependent on both neurons and the resident microbiota. However, little is known about the evolutionary origin of these neurons and their interaction with microbes. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized prototypical ANO/SCN/TRPM ion channel expressing pacemaker cells in the basal metazoan Hydra by using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics, immunochemistry, and functional experiments. Unexpectedly, these prototypical pacemaker neurons express a rich set of immune-related genes mediating their interaction with the microbial environment. Functional experiments validated a model of the evolutionary emergence of pacemaker cells as neurons using components of innate immunity to interact with the microbial environment and ion channels to generate rhythmic contractions.
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