Computerized cognitive training (CCT) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has showed some promise in alleviating cognitive impairments in patients with brain disorders, but the robustness and possible mechanisms are unclear. In this prospective double-blind randomized clinical trial, we investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of combining CCT and tDCS, and tested the predictive value of and training-related changes in fMRI-based brain activation during attentive performance (multiple object tracking) obtained before, during and after the three-weeks intervention in chronic stroke patients (> 6 months since hospital admission). Patients were randomized to one of two groups, receiving CCT and either (1) tDCS targeting left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1 mA), or (2) sham tDCS, with 40s active stimulation (1 mA) before fade out of the current. 77 patients were enrolled in the study, 54 completed the cognitive training, and 48 completed all training and MRI sessions. We found significant improvement in performance across all trained tasks, but no additional gain of tDCS. fMRI-based brain activation showed high reliability, and higher cognitive performance was associated with increased tracking-related activation in the dorsal attention network (DAN) and default mode network (DMN) as well as anterior cingulate after compared to before the intervention. We found no significant associations between cognitive gain and brain activation measured before training or in the difference in activation after intervention. Combined, these results show significant training effects on trained cognitive tasks in stroke survivors, with no clear evidence of additional gain of concurrent tDCS. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.

Download data

• Downloaded 450 times
• Download rankings, all-time:
  • Site-wide: 37,309 out of 93,433
  • In neuroscience: 6,396 out of 16,622
• Year to date:
  • Site-wide: 30,163 out of 93,433
• Since beginning of last month:
  • Site-wide: 24,389 out of 93,433

Altmetric data

Downloads over time

Distribution of downloads per paper, site-wide